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Fig.1 | Acta Epileptologica

Fig.1

From: The associations between oxidative stress and epilepsy: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Fig.1

The framework of the bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis between oxidative stress injury biomarkers and epilepsy. Three major assumptions of the MR analysis are as follows: (i): Genetic variation as an instrumental variable must be genuinely associated with exposures (oxidative stress injury biomarkers or epilepsy). (ii) Exposure-outcome confounders have no effect on genetic variation. (iii): Genetic variation affects outcomes through exposure only, independent of other pathways. IVs: Instrumental variables, SNPs: Single nucleotide polymorphisms, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, GST: Glutathione transferase, GPX: Glutathione per-oxidase, CAT: Catalase, UA: Uric acid, TBIL: Total bilirubin

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Acta Epileptologica

ISSN: 2524-4434

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