Fig. 2

The epileptogenic mechanism of Cx43. This figure showed the epileptogenic mechanism of Cx43. Cx43-based hemichannels are involved during seizures. After receiving external stimuli, the body can activate a Cx43-based hemichannel by changing the pH in the body or producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), through which calcium then flows inward. A wide influx of calcium can form a whole wave of calcium and participate in the formation of seizures. In addition, Cx43-based hemichannels can release substances such as glutamate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and D-serine upon activation. Among them, ATP, NAD and D-serine can participate in the inflammatory response of the central nervous system and then participate in the formation of seizures. Glutamate activates astrocytes or microglia expressing NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLPR-3) and cysteinyl aspartate specific protease 1 (caspase 1), releases substances such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), participates in the inflammatory response and seizure formation of the central nervous system, and activates other Cx43-based hemichannels, which in turn form a wide calcium influx to form calcium waves